Afghanistan's+History+&+Government

=**[|history.com]AFGHANISTAN'S HISTORY & POLITICS**=

**GENERAL** [|MAPS AND INFORMATION ABOUT AFGHANISTAN FROM NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC]

The Soviet Union is a former communist country established in 1922, that incluede 14 other soviet rebublics. [|WordWeb]

The Soviet Union did start in 1922, and it ended in 1991. In Russian, it was called, // Soyuz Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik , or just   Sovetsky Soyuz. [|britannica.com]//

I was on [|infoplease.com] and I discovered many cool facts. Like the first people to conquer Afghanistan were Darius I and Alexander The Great as a gateway to India. Then Islamic conquerers arrived in the 7th century and Genghis Khan and Tamerlane followed in the 13th and 14th centuries. During the ninth century Afghanistan became a battleground hosting imperial britain versus czarist Russia for control over Central Asia. Then three Anglo-Afghan wars( 1839-1840,1878-1880,1919)ended without a conclusion. In 1893 Britain created the unofficial border ,orthe Durand Line, which seperated Afghanistan from British India. Then Afghanistan was granted its full independance in 1919 by London. A man named Emir Amanullah then founded an Afghan monarch in 1926.

In 550-331B.C. In ancient Afghanistan, Bactriana, with its capital at Bactria (which later became Balkh), was reputedly the home of Zoroaster, who founded the religion that bears his name. I found this information at [|about.com]

There is an excellent timeline on [|BBC].

According to “[|Afghan web]”, Several women have played important roles defending their country. Women fought and died for their country to defend it and keep foreign invaders out. The women risked their lives to educate the next generation of women. Other countries stories are filled with men and what they have done.

I went to a website called [|index mundi] and found that Afghanistan became free from the United Kingdom on August 19, 1919.  Abd ar-Rahman Khan was the leader of Afghanistan and died in 1901. Then is son, Habibullah, was the new leader. Habibullah was assassinated in 1919 and the British took control. Then the third Afghan War was ended by a treaty and they became independent. I found this information at [|Infoplease.com].
 * When did Afghanistan become an independent country? **

Afghanistan won its independence on August 19, 1919 from UK control over Afghan foreign affairs. ( www.cia.gov[|www.cia.gov])

I know that Afghanistan became independent in 1919, but was Afghanistan it's own country before that?

Afghanistan became a independent country in 1919 from the British.

As we looked up in our books for homework, we found out that before the Taliban controlled Afghanistan the Soviets tried to take over. The Afghanistan people would not let them so they fought back. It was a bloody war but the Afghanistan’s won. This is why the Russians were the group before the Taliban that controlled Afghanistan, not the Soviets.
 * Who controlled Afghanistan before the Taliban? **

A group called the PDPA government ruled before the Taliban. Their rule over Afghanistan started in 1978. After they gained power they began a seires of limited reforms. They declared a secular state, and that women were deserving equal treatment of men. [|Afghanistan History] Before there was a true leader in Afhganistan The soviet union had power. They took over in 1917 and lost power in 1989.

Before the Taliban took over Afghanistan, The Soviet Union took control of Afghanistan. They destroyed many churches because they didn't want anyone to have a religion because they didn't believe in anything.

Actually the Soviet Union never took control of Afghanistan the Mujahadeen fought them off.

The USSR or the Soviet Union tryed to control Afghanistan but a group called the mujahideen fought to keep the soviets out. Before the Taliban came their was the soviet Union. The soviet Union lost power in 1989 by many groups of guerrillas. from 1989 to 1996 their was no exact leader.

The rulers before the Taliban was the soviet union. they ruled from around 1917 threw the 1980 that is when the us gave the mujahadeen weapons to fight off the soviet union.


 * Describe Afghanistan's current government. **

In class we talked about how the U.S. set up the Democratic Afghan government.The Taliban, the previous Afghan government and militia were "religious" extremists, and very harsh on people there, especially women, still control small villages in remote areas of Afghanistan. The democratic government doesn't control all of Afghanistanand it isn't very strong, that's how the Taliban can still control some of Afghanistan.

In June 2002 a multiparty republic replaced an interim government that had been established in Dec. 2001, following the fall of the Islamic Taliban government.

On the website, [|CIA.gov], I found that Afghanistan is an Islamic Republic, which is a form of government adopted by some Muslim states, even though, in theory, it is a theocracy. Its laws are required to be compatible with the laws of Islam.

The United States attacked after September 11 while the Taliban government let Osama Bin Ladin have the terrorist Attack, the United States help rebuild a government for Afghanistan.

I think that Afghanistan is becoming a more westernized and more stable as a country.

Afghanistan's current government is a democracy that the U.S. helped establish. The government, however is not as stable as ours and the Taliban still has control of parts of the country. I think if the Taliban tries to take control of all Afghanistan, they will not succeed due to many countries like the U.S not wanting them to rule.

What is the difference between the mujahideen, the Taliban and al-Qaeda? I have been wondering what al-Qaeda really is since the 9/11 events that happend in 2001. Al-Qaeda is an international terrorist network which was probably founded between 1988 and 1990 and organized by Osama bin Ladin. His top advisor is Ayaman al-Zawahiri, who is a nessecity to this network by being its theological, or studier of divine things or religious truth, leader. Many Americans think al-Qeada is responsible for the 9/11 attack on New York and Washington D.C. This group has also been held responsible for many suicide attacks and simultanous bombing on specific areas. For more information please vi sit Infoplease.com.

According to "factmonster", the Taliban is a militia of Afghanistan and Pakistan. They operate based on religion and have a spiritual leader, Mullah Muhammad Omar. They are very strict with their religion (they are Islamic). The United States and NATO have had several campaigns where they tried to eliminate them as a "significant guerrilla force". Since 2003, the Taliban have been "mounting" more and more guerrilla attacks in Afghanistan. They have also caused a Pakistani Taliban to form. The Pakistani Taliban can be found mainly in Waziristan and other tribal areas. They have been causing a little bit of trouble, fighting with troops sent by the government. I think that they, overall, the Taliban is not good and should be eliminated. When I read this comment on the Taliban I was wondering what MILITIA meant. Militias are citizens that are trained to be soldiers but are not part of the regular army according to [|dictionary.com.]

In class we talked about how the USA helped Afghanistan have a democracy. The US did there part by attacking Afghanistan which took out the Taliban.

I went on[| BBC] and found out that the Taliban is a history of militants of Afganistan and Pakistan. They are also threatening to destabilise Pakistan, and are blamed for a wave of suicide. The Taliban emerged in the early 1990s in northern Pakistan following the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan. It is also commonly believed that they first appeared in religious seminaries.** I went to this link but did not find all of this information there. Did you also use another source? **

I was researching about the mujahideen, and I learned that the mujahideen is actually a group of people that come from all over the Middle East. This group of people fight and try to protect other Muslims. These people volunteer to do this. Then, in the mid-1980s, Osama Bin Ladan became the leader of a group named Al-Qaeda. Al-Qaeda is an international network of terrorists recruited from around the world. The mujahideen and Al-Qaeda both link to each other. I found this information at [|infoplease.com].

I was researching about the mujahideen too and i found out that they're like holy warriors. There are diiferent groups of mujahideen like, mujahideen taliban and Indian mujahideen.I also found the group names on google. Another group is Osama Bin Laden's group Al-Qaeda. [|Knowledge Rush] [|BBC]

One of the many diffrences between Al Qaeda and the Taliban is Mullah Mohammad Omar founded the Taliban and Osama bin Ladin founded Al Qaeda. Al Qaeda has sunni muslums who practice wanabism which is the most vilent form of Islam. Al Qaeda means "the base" or "the foundation." Taliban means the "student."I found all my reasrch at [|Differencebetween.net]

I went to this site and found that the Taliban were limited to a particular region and that Al-queda has no boudaries. I also found that the origin of Al-queda can be traced to the Islamic teachings of a man named Sayyid Qutb, an Islamic thinker. His goal was to form an Islamic state which focused on sharia, Islamic laws. Another one of the goals was to get rid of socialism and nationalism, which are both non-Islamic ideas.

I went to a site called [|global security] that says Al-Qaeda is an international terrorist group which is led by Usama bin Laden. Al-Qaeda's current goal is to establish all Muslim countries in a unified caliphate throughout the world by working with united Islamic extremist groups to conquer governments it deems "non-Islamic" and ejecting Westerners and non-Muslims from Muslim countries. A caliphate is the rank, jurisdiction, or government of a caliph. A caliph is an Islamic leader claiming to be a descendent from Muhammad.

I found out that mujahideen is an Arabic word made from the word jihad. Jihad means those who fight a jihad. It gained common usage during the conflict between the Soviot Union and Afghanastan for Arabic fighters. It is also used for many terrorist groups' name. [|Mujahideen]

In class, I started to wonder what the ** Taliban is. I found out the Taliban is a mujahideen, a group of holy warriors ** ** that was formed during the war against the soviets. The Taliban eliminated corruption and anarchy when they took over. The Taliban brought about very strict Islamic law. The Taliban shocked Afghanistan because the women were forbidden to go to school and they were forbidden from working out side the home. For more information about the Taliban go to this site. **** [|Infoplease.com] **

In class, Mrs.Cerniglia said that the mujahideen are religious fighters. The Taliban are mujahideen, but the people of Afghanistan do not like the way they think of the religion. Al Queda is a group of religious fighters that think by killing themselves they are dying in the name of Islam. Afghanistans government is a democracy because of US but the Taliban is control of small parts, but they are trying to become the main government.

During first period history, we were talking about how the Soviet Union wanted to take over Afghanistan. Mrs. Cerniglia said that the U.S. troops were there fighting and giving people weapons. After that was over, they left the weapons there. Soon after, groups of the Taliban were gaining access to these weapons and using them. If the U.S. had never given Afghanistan, do you think there wouldn’t have been as much fighting?

I personally don't think there would have been quite such a battle. If the United States hadn't given those weapons, Afghanistan would have never been able to fight because it barely had its own weapons. Now Afghanistan has its own weapons and also, I don't think they are going to use our weapons that we gave them. They might not even give them back.

I do not think Afghanistan will give the US back their weapons because since they have them they can win battles. if they give the weapons back they will be taken over by the soviet uniun

I learned that Afghanistan's name in conventional long form is Islamic Rebublic of Afghanistan. The locals long form is Jomhuri-ye Eslami-ye Afghanestan. I never knew this and I found it very facinating, I found on the [|CIA's website].

I went on a website that had a lot of good information here is the link [|www.state.gov] you should be able to find a lot of good in information about all of the topics for the history part of the wiki. i learned on this website that During the 19th century, collision between the expanding British Empire in the subcontinent and czarist Russia significantly influenced Afghanistan in what was termed "The Great Game."

I learned that Afghanistans type of government is Islamic Republic and that they gained their independence on August 19, 1919. I learned this at, [|state.gov.]

The Junior Scholastic article “Inside Afghanistan” said, “Obama wants to increase aid for afghan civilians to provide services.” I would like to know what America has to do with Afghanistan and why Obama cares.

**In the film we watched in class, the Taliban Spokesperson talks about the beliefs of Islam, "In Islam, there are a great respect for man and woman, for the neighbors, for the non-Muslims..." Do //you// believe that the Taliban applies and lives these rules of their religion? Why or why not? If not, do you think that the //Taliban// believes they follow these rules? Why or why not?**

I believe that the Taliban think that they are following those rules, but they aren’t. They are using a very extreme version of the rules, warping them to make them agree with what they think. They take some parts of the Koran, the holy texts of Islam, very seriously: almost word for word. For example, even though it is a thing from the past, and a very terrible way to die, the Taliban still sometimes stone people who didn’t follow the rules because stoning is mentioned in the Koran.

I believe that the Taliban aren't following the Qu'ran's teachings and are twisting rules out of context. For example, the concept of Jihad, or doing your duty and defending your religion, this is interpreted by most to mean to do your prayers and follow Islamic teachings. The Taliban then interpreted this as killing people who oppose them in Afghanistan. In Islam killing one person is like killing all of mankind. The Taliban are saying one thing and not doing that, like the quote by the Taliban spokesperson.

I think don't think the Taliban are following those rules, but they think they are. i don't think they are because they don't really respect women and they make them cover their whole bodies. If something is showing than they get beaten. The Taliban don't respect non-muslims becuase they banned all western things like western music and western TV shows. They even banned all music and TV even though it's from their country. The Taliban think they're following the rules because they think they're following the Koran. They think thery're following the rules of beating women when a part of their body is showing because it's their rules and they think it's right to do that. They take the parts of the Koran and Islam very seriously.

I don't think the Taliban follow these rules because they don't show respect for man or woman. I think they know that they aren't following these rules but they want people to think that the Taliban are "good guys." But I still don't understand how Osama Bin Ladin became a terrorist.

The Taliban probably think they are following those rules but they are totally not. First, it is not okay to beat woman for showing a part of her body I just think it's not fair. Second, why would they ban music and dancing if they did not ask the people of Afghanistan if they wanted music banned first, even if the Taliban don't not like it. Last, I think women should be aloud to go to school to get a proper education even if the Taliban do not like it.

I think that the Taliban are taking some of these rules and stretching them, warping them until they satisfy the Taliban. These rules may appear correctly followed to the Taliban, but truly, they have edited these rules, and they most likely aren't as good as they should be. They most definitely aren't like they would be if the spokesperson had been telling the truth.

I do not think that the Taliban are correctly following the rules of Islam. I do think that the Taliban think that they are following the rules of Islam. If they did, women would be allowed to be educated. Women are also not allowed to show parts of their body. One of the rules of Islam is that women should be treated equally. The Taliban do not treat women equally.

I think that the spokesperson was saying that islam was like that implying that the taliban was following those rules so people could not criticize and say they were lying. I also think they know they follow very strict islam rules.

The Taliban try to convince the people in Afghanistan that they respect the men, women, and children when they do the complete opposite. They have beat people, put them in jail for no good reason, and took away the people’s freedom. That is why the country is so poor and the people and children want to learn, so they can live a better life. They proved this by coming out and voting a government to help them improve their lives.

When we were watching the video with the Talib spokesperson, he was talking about how he thinks that the Taliban has a great respect for women and men. I do not think this is true because if they really had respect for women and men, they would not beat them when they were doing something they did not think right. When the Taliban came to power in 1996, they were very harsh and did not let women go outside unescorted, and when they were escorted, they were not allowed to show any part of their body. Men were often beat if they escorted a woman who had "broken the rules." Also, girls were not allowed to get an education. I do think though, that the Taliban thinks they are doing the right thing by being unfair.

Guerilla warfare lacks strength and weapons because it is not warfare backed by a government. Therefore it is difficult to fight against a regular army. So guerrillas make bases in remote hard to get to places, like forests ,mountains, and jungle, depending on the support of the local inhabitants for the recruits, food, shelter, and information. Usually guerrilla armies rely on support from befriended regular armies, and receive food, shelter, medic supplies and military advisers. According to [|history.com].

I was looking at the in class handout of the Afghanistan timeline. It showed that from 1996-2001 the Taliban controlled the government. In 2001 the US attacked and took out the Taliban. Afghanistan today now has a democracy.

I learned on [|color change], that thermochromic crystals are heat sensitive, and the US government uses them to search for Osama din Laden in the mountains.

On the night of July 17,1973 the monarchy in Afghanistan ended. The king, Zahir Shah, was away in Italy. While he was away his cousin Daoud Khan ended the king's forty-year reign with a bloodless coup. This information was from the book "The Kite Runner".

In year 327 BC Alexander the Great takes Afghanistan from the Persians. But Alexander barely survives an Afghan warrior's arrow in the neck, and his empire soon crumbles. This was from __Junior Scholastic.__

In the year 1842, Afghans force out the occupying army of the British empire. Nearly 16,500 British soldiers and their civililen helpers are slaughtered while retreating from the capital of Kabul. This was from __Junior Scholastic.__

Mighty armies have been "conquering" Afghanistan since the beginning of time. But the land and its people will not stay conquered. After centuries of resistance, Afghanistan has been called "the place where empires go to die". I got this on __Junior Scholastic.__

[|Afghanistan Mountain Ranges] Because of the amount of mountains in Afghanistan it is very difficult to locate where Osama Bin Laden is in exile. The military is very advanced with its technology in the air and on the ground. It is so advanced that an unmanned air craft can identify a license plate from thousands of feet in the air.

The Soviet Union entered Afghanistan on December 25, 1979. The Soviets to changed the government and tried to westernize Afghanistan. The Afghans did not like this because it was against there strong belief of Islam. This led to a war between the two countries, even though thousands of Muslim leaders had been arrested. The Mujahideen, controlled 75% of Afghanistan by 1982. In 1989 the Russians realized that the men they were fighting against were no match for them, being fueled with religious belief. The total death toll for this war was approximately

This is my opinion on the war in Afghanistan. I think that our troops should come back to the U.S. and protect our borders. Obama wants to send 30,000 more troops to fight but this will cause thousands of deaths for soldiers. They need to be back home with their families. Secondly, when we try to bomb terrorists, some bombs end up falling on innocent people. I think they need to come back home, guard the United States of America.

Over the weekend I found an article on Afghanistan and how strictly the Taliban used and how much different Afghanistan is now without them. They talked about the wars that occurred in Afghanistan in the past and how they influenced modern day Afghanistan.

I did my essay quest on Afghanistan's government and i learned a lot before the quest that i thought i could post on here to help people with their quest or just everyday things. The Taliban is a Muslim group that invaded Afghanistan in 1996 but was taken out by the us government in 2001. The US government put a Democratic government to power. Today, the Democracy is still in power but the Taliban are still attacking.

In my essay i wrote that the Taliban let Al Qaeda into Afghanistan which is where they planned 9/11 In June 2002 a republic replaced an interim government that had been established in Dec. 2001, behind the fall of the Taliban government. This information is from [|Government of Afghanistan]

The Taliban is an extremely strict government that makes very little exceptions for mercy when rules are broken.